View source for Asylum (1972 horror film)


{{Distinguish|Asylum (1972 documentary film)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}

{{More citations needed|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Asylum
| image          = Asylum (1972 film).jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Roy Ward Baker]]
| producer       = [[Max Rosenberg]]<br />[[Milton Subotsky]]
| writer         = [[Robert Bloch]]
| narrator       =
| starring       = {{plainlist |
* [[Peter Cushing]]
* [[Britt Ekland]]
* [[Robert Powell]]
* [[Herbert Lom]]
* [[Barry Morse]]
* [[Patrick Magee (actor)|Patrick Magee]]
}}
| music          = [[Douglas Gamley]]
| cinematography = [[Denys Coop|Denys N. Coop]]
| editing        = [[Peter Tanner]]
| studio         = [[Amicus Productions]]<br />Harbor Productions
| distributor    = [[Cinema International Corporation]]
| released       = {{Film date|1972|07|06|df=yes}}
| runtime        = 88 minutes
| country        = United Kingdom
| language       = English
| budget         =
| gross          =
}}

'''''Asylum''''' (U.S. title: '''''House of Crazies''''') is a 1972 British [[Anthology film|anthology]] [[horror film]] made by [[Amicus Productions]].<ref name="BFIsearch">{{Cite web |title=Asylum |url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150122644 |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=British Film Institute Collections Search}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Asylum (1972)|url=http://www.britishhorrorfilms.co.uk/asylum.shtml|publisher=British horror films|access-date=31 May 2012|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225211327/http://www.britishhorrorfilms.co.uk/asylum.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Roy Ward Baker]] and produced by [[Milton Subotsky]]. [[Robert Bloch]] wrote the script, adapting four of his own short stories.<ref>{{cite web|title=ASYLUM|url=http://www.film4.com/reviews/1972/asylum|publisher=film4|access-date=31 May 2012}}</ref>

Baker had considerable experience as a director of horror films, having made ''[[Quatermass and the Pit (film)|Quatermass and the Pit]]'' and ''[[Scars of Dracula]]''. Bloch had written the novel ''[[Psycho (novel)|Psycho]]'', on which [[Psycho (1960 film)|the film]] directed by [[Alfred Hitchcock]] was based.

The film was shot in April 1972; it premièred in the UK on 6 July 1972, and in North America on 17 November 1972.

==Plot (including cast list)==

===Framing story===
Dr. Martin arrives to take up a post at a secluded [[History of psychiatric institutions|asylum]] "for the incurably insane". He has a preliminary interview with the [[authoritarian]] warden Lionel Rutherford, who says that London-trained doctors like Martin do not understand the realities of mental illness. Rutherford does not believe that his patients can be cured or improved, and contents himself with keeping them isolated from society.

Rutherford was recently attacked by Dr B. Starr, formerly head of the asylum and now one of its inmates. Starr had a mental breakdown and, after the violent episode, assumed a new personality. Rutherford challenges Martin to interview the patients on the premises and prove his acumen by detecting which one is Starr.

Rutherford is using a wheelchair while he recovers from the attack, and cannot accompany Martin upstairs. Instead an orderly, Max Reynolds, admits Martin through the security door and takes him on a tour of the inmates' solitary confinement cells. Rutherford has ordered Max not to give Martin any clues that would help identify Starr.

This story is loosely based on Bloch's short story, ''A Home Away from Home'', first published in ''[[Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine]]'' and adapted for television on ''[[The Alfred Hitchcock Hour]]''.
* [[Robert Powell]] – Dr Martin
* [[Patrick Magee (actor)|Patrick Magee]] – Lionel Rutherford
* [[Geoffrey Bayldon]] – Max Reynolds
* [[Frank Forsyth]] – Asylum gatekeeper

==="Frozen Fear"===
The first patient, Bonnie, was the mistress of Walter, an opportunist who married his controlling wife Ruth for her money. Ruth grew up in an unspecified part of Africa and maintains a respect for its magical traditions, whose power allegedly extends "beyond life and death". Unable to get a divorce, Walter murders Ruth with Bonnie's connivance. He dismembers the corpse and stores the pieces in a [[chest freezer]] until they can be disposed of properly. Carelessly he tosses Ruth's magic bracelet into the freezer as well, bringing her back to life. Bonnie arrives and finds that Walter has been strangled by Ruth's disembodied arm. The body parts attack her as well, and she injures her face fending them off. Subsequently Ruth's remains vanish, and the authorities decide that Bonnie murdered Walter.

The story is based on Bloch's short story of the same name that was first printed in the May 1946 issue of ''[[Weird Tales]]''.
* [[Barbara Parkins]] – Bonnie
* [[Sylvia Syms]] – Ruth
* [[Richard Todd]] – Walter

==="The Weird Tailor"===
The second patient, Bruno, is found miming the act of stitching fabric, and says he was a tailor before coming to the asylum. In his account, poverty and impending eviction force him to accept the unusual request of a Mr Smith, who wants a suit made in a highly ritualistic manner from a mysterious, scintillating fabric that must be sewn only after midnight. Smith says it will be a present for his son.

Bruno delivers the finished suit in person to Mr Smith, and finds his house bare of furniture except for a coffin containing the son's corpse. Smith explains that the suit was ordered to the specifications of an ancient magical text, and that the dead man will return to life when dressed in it. Bruno wants to back out of the deal, especially when he learns that Smith bankrupted himself to buy the magic book and cannot pay for the suit. Smith tries to take it at gunpoint, but is shot and killed by Bruno in the ensuing struggle.

Bruno brings home the book and the suit and tells his wife Anna to burn them, but she instead uses the suit to adorn Otto, their store [[mannequin]]. The mannequin comes to life and strangles Bruno; he survives the attack, but his explanation of what happened, along with his belief that Otto is still at large somewhere in the city, lead him to be declared insane.

This story was based on Bloch's short story also called "The Weird Taylor" that was first published in the July 1950 issue of ''Weird Tales'' and had previously been adapted as an episode of the [[Boris Karloff]]-hosted television series ''[[Thriller (U.S. TV series)|Thriller]]'' ("The Weird Tailor", Season 2, Episode 4).<ref>{{cite book |title=This Is a Thriller: An Episode Guide, History and Analysis of the Classic 1960s Television Series |last=Warren |first=Alan |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |year=2004 |isbn=9780786419692 |page=16}}</ref>
* [[Barry Morse]] – Bruno
* [[Peter Cushing]] – Mr Smith
* [[Ann Firbank]] – Anna
* [[John Franklyn-Robbins]] – Stebbins

==="Lucy Comes To Stay"===
The third patient, Barbara, demands a lawyer, telling Martin that she was convicted for two murders committed by her friend Lucy, whom only she can see.

In flashback, Barbara is shown receiving [[Home care in the United Kingdom|home care]] from a nurse, Miss Higgins, courtesy of her brother George. Lucy pays secret visits, claiming that Barbara is not mentally ill, and that George is claiming otherwise to gain custody of her property. Under Lucy's influence, Barbara ceases taking her medication and agrees to run away from home. Lucy kills both George and Higgins to facilitate the escape.

Barbara says that Martin should talk to Lucy as well, and indicates her own reflection in a mirror. The mirror is seen momentarily from Barbara's viewpoint, with her face changing to Lucy's and back again.
* [[Charlotte Rampling]] – Barbara
* [[Britt Ekland]] – Lucy
* [[James Villiers]] – George
* [[Megs Jenkins]] – Miss Higgins

==="Mannequins of Horror"===
The fourth and last patient is Dr Byron, who declares his mastery of neurology and other branches of the discipline, and appears to hold Rutherford in contempt. Initially elated by the chance to speak with a new colleague, Byron tells Martin that he has become interested in a new direction of research, involving the assembly of small dolls. According to Byron, the dolls contain functional human organs in miniature, and will come to life if he projects his [[Soul (spirit)|vital spirit]] into them through sheer will and concentration. Seeing that Martin does not believe him, Byron angrily sends him away. Martin returns downstairs to deliver his judgment to Rutherford.

This story was later loosely adapted for the ''[[Monsters (American TV series)|Monsters]]'' episode "Mannequins of Horror".
* [[Herbert Lom]] – Dr Byron

===Epilogue===
Left alone, Byron successfully projects his consciousness into a mannequin whose face he modeled as a self-portrait. The doll slips out of the room as Max delivers Byron's food, and makes its way downstairs in a dumbwaiter. Meanwhile Martin is criticizing Rutherford for keeping the patients isolated and denying them therapeutic care. As Rutherford declares that Byron should be deprived of his toys, and perhaps lobotomised, the doll climbs onto his desk and stabs him to death with a lancet.

Horrified, Martin crushes the doll, which breaks open to reveal living viscera inside; Dr Byron dies in his room on the spot. Martin goes to Max's room to telephone for help, but finds a corpse concealed there. The man who has been passing as Max Reynolds is Dr Starr, whose murder of the real orderly went unnoticed because Rutherford could not go upstairs. Starr throttles Martin with a stethoscope.

In the last scene, another new doctor is shown knocking on the institute's doors and being received by "Max". It appears that another cycle of murder and mayhem is about to begin.

==Production==
[[File:New Lodge, Windsor - geograph.org.uk - 3498547.jpg|thumb|New Lodge, the filming location]]

===Filming===
The film was shot at the New Lodge country house, just outside the village of [[Winkfield]], [[Berkshire]], England.

===Soundtrack===
[[Douglas Gamley]] is credited as having composed the music for this film, but the score also draws heavily on [[public domain]] pieces by [[Modest Mussorgsky]], in particular ''[[Night on Bald Mountain]]''<ref name="Slant">{{cite web |last=Kipp |first=Jeremiah |title=Asylum |url=https://slantmagazine.com/dvd/dvd_review.asp?ID=949 |work=Slant Magazine |date=19 June 2006 |access-date=22 October 2009}}</ref> (heard over the opening and closing credits). Selections from his ''[[Pictures at an Exhibition]]'' are also used: "Gnomus" is heard as Martin looks at a series of engravings depicting the imprisonment of an 18th-century madman, and during the sequence of Byron's mannequin coming to life and making its way downstairs. The booming crescendo of "The Hut on Hen's Legs" is heard over the sequence where Otto the tailor's dummy comes to life and attacks Bruno.

== Release ==
In the UK, ''Asylum'' was one of Amicus's more popular films. Despite this, it was the last movie Bloch wrote for the studio.<ref name="amicus">Ed. Allan Bryce, ''Amicus: The Studio That Dripped Blood'', Stray Cat Publishing, 2000, p.94–101</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
[[AllRovi|Allmovie]]'s review of the film is favourable: "''Asylum'' is a textbook example of the skill that Amicus Productions showed for producing entertaining horror anthology films."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://allmovie.com/movie/asylum-v3182/review |title=Asylum (1972) |author=Donald Guarisco |work=[[AllRovi|Allmovie]] |access-date=6 July 2012}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width: 99%;"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Award / Film Festival
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
|-
| 1973
| [[Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film|2nd French Fantastic Cinema Convention]]
| Golden Licorn (Best Film)
| ''Asylum''
| {{won}}
|}

===Home media===
After years of releases sourced from degraded 35mm and 16mm prints (the 16mm prints were used for television broadcast), the film finally received a deluxe DVD release in 2006, from [[MPI Media Group|Dark Sky Films]]. This DVD includes numerous special features, including an [[audio commentary]] by director Baker and cameraman Neil Binney; "Inside the Fear Factory", a featurette about Amicus Productions; cast and crew bios; liner notes; trailers; and a still photo gallery. The film was remastered from a pristine, 35mm print. In 2017, [[Severin Films]] rereleased ''Asylum'' on video, including many of the extras from the Dark Sky Films DVD. New special features were added as well, including an interview with Fiona Subotsky, the producer's widow, who discusses his life, and the history of Amicus.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0068230|Asylum}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/1001294-asylum|Asylum}}
* [http://www.amctv.com/videos/b-movies/?bcpid=13332913001&bclid=14056328001&bctid=14036990001 AMCtv.com – B Movies – ''Asylum'' (Full Streaming Movie)]

{{Robert Bloch}}
{{Roy Ward Baker}}
{{Amicus Productions}}

[[Category:1972 British films]]
[[Category:1972 English-language films]]
[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:1972 horror films]]
[[Category:Amicus Productions films]]
[[Category:British horror anthology films]]
[[Category:British supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Films about siblicide]]
[[Category:Films about dissociative identity disorder]]
[[Category:Films about uxoricide]]
[[Category:Films about Voodoo]]
[[Category:Films based on short fiction]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Robert Bloch]]
[[Category:Films directed by Roy Ward Baker]]
[[Category:Films scored by Douglas Gamley]]
[[Category:Films set in psychiatric hospitals]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Robert Bloch]]
[[Category:English-language horror films]]

{{Wikipedia attribution|original_title=Asylum (1972 horror film)|access_date=2026-02-26}}